Pasteurization is a relatively easy and effective technique for limb salvage surgery in malignant tumors reconstructed by reusing tissue that has already been infiltrated by the tumor. The pasteurization process affects both tumor cell apoptosis and normal Bone cell viability. The study aims to determine the optimal temperature and duration for pasteurization to effectively eliminate tumor cells while preserving the viability and integrity of normal Bone. Laboratory experimental studies were conducted to evaluate cell viability, Bone porosity, and biomechanical strength of post-pasteurized goat diaphyseal cortical Bone. Cortical Bones were divided into seven groups with different temperatures and durations. Variations in temperature (60 °C and 70 °C) and pasteurization durations (20, 30, and 40 minutes) were studied. Control groups were used for comparison. A significant difference was found in cell viability and porosity. The highest number of osteocytes was in the control group (80.4%). The osteocytes of the treatment group were the highest at 60 °C and 20 minutes (±77.29%). The lowest was in the group with a temperature of 70 °C and 40 minutes (64.66%). Higher porosity was found in those treated with higher temperatures and longer pasteurization. The biomechanical bending test showed that the force needed to break the Bone sample was the lowest at 70°C for 40 minutes. However, the ANOVA statistical test showed no significant difference in all groups (p>0.05). Pasteurization can be used to maximize the eradication of tumor cells yet preserve the normal Bone cell and biomechanical strength of the recycled Bone autograft.

Monolithic aerogels of high molecular weight polyethylene (Mw=3×106- 6×106 g/mol) have been prepared by solvent extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide from thermoreversible gels prepared in decalin. These low density and highly porous aerogels present an apparent porosity up to 90%. The aerogel morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is characterized by spherulitic structures being interconnected by fibers. The X-ray diffraction experiments show that PE aerogels are highly crystalline with a degree of crystallinity of c.a.80% and PE chains being packed into the typical orthorombic unit cell. The combined SEM and N2 sorption investigations show that PE aerogels are essentially macroporous with a small amount of mesopores. The oil-sorption performance of polyethylene aerogels has been also evaluated in this study in order to assess a possible use of these materials for oil spillage recovery and results show that aerogel macropores allow a very fast sorption kinetics with a 100% oil weight uptake obtained in less than 1 min.

This research investigates the development and characterization of a novel diopside/gelatin composite scaffold tailored to enhance Bone tissue regeneration. The scaffold was fabricated using a space holder method followed by a gelatin coating technique. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the successful application of the gelatin coating on the diopside scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a highly porous, interconnected architecture, which provides an optimal environment for cell infiltration, vascularization, and nutrient diffusion, thereby promoting Bone ingrowth. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the composite scaffolds exhibit sufficient compressive strength and stiffness to withstand physiological loads, supporting new Bone tissue formation. Biological evaluation revealed excellent biocompatibility, with the scaffolds supporting robust cell attachment and proliferation. Furthermore, the observed elevation in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a critical marker of osteogenic differentiation, highlights the scaffolds' osteoconductive potential and their ability to facilitate Bone formation. The synergistic combination of diopside, a bioactive ceramic renowned for its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, and gelatin, a natural biopolymer providing a cell-friendly environment and enhancing cell adhesion, has resulted in a promising composite scaffold significantly improved for Bone tissue engineering. Notably, the application of a gelatin coating on the diopside scaffold significantly improved cell interaction and attachment, improving the overall bioactivity of the construct. These findings underscore the potential of the diopside/gelatin composite scaffold for Bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, further in vivo investigation and clinical studies are necessary to fully validate the scaffold's efficacy and elucidate its potential for clinical studies.

Introduction: Some studies conducted so far suggest that exercising during adolescence and young age can increase the amount and density of Bone minerals to be stored for the age of senility. However, it has not been confirmed yet what type and intensity of Bone minerals may provide for a maximum rate of the anabolic stimulation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the amount and density of the Bone minerals in male soccer and handball professional athletes with those of male non-athletes’.Materials and Methods: This is a an experimental research study on 42 males ranging 20-30 years old who were divided into three groups consisting of: 14 professional soccer athletes (Experimental Group 1) ,14 professional handball athletes (Experimental Group 2) and 14 young male non-athletes (Control Group). The athletes had the experience of at least three continuous years of regular professional exercising (3 sessions a week) and participating in national championships. These participants were selected from Mashhad athletic clubs, while the non-athletes were experiencing their first session of exercising in the club. Using DEXA, the participants’ BMD of arm femur and Bone mass was measured. Then, the collected data were investigated at the significance level of 5 percent, using descriptive statistics and unilateral variance analysis as well as LSD pursuit test.Results: The obtained results from this research indicate that there was not any significant difference among the three groups of the study in terms of BMD of the arms. Also, in terms of femur and Bone mass, there was no significant difference between two groups of athletes, i.e. soccer players and handball players (P=0.465). However, the findings suggest a significant difference between the control group and soccer player group (P=0.001) and also between the control and handball player group (P=0.004).Conclusion: As a result, the findings of this study conform to the theory which states that Bone response to the mechanical loading depends on the type and style of athletic activities.

Natural ventilation is one of the most essential issues in the concept of high-performance architecture. The porosity has a lot to do with wind-phil architecture to meet high efficiency in integrated architectural design and materialization a high-performance building. Natural ventilation performance in porous buildings is influenced by a wide range of interrelated factors including terrace depth, porosity distribution pattern, porosity ratio, continuity or interruption of the voids and, etc. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of porosity distribution pattern on natural ventilation performance in a mid-rise building. One solid block and six porous residential models based on unit, row and combined relocation modules with different terrace depths (TD = 1. 2, 1. 5 m) were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The evaluations are based on grid sensitivity analysis and a validation of wind tunnel measurements. Investigations indicated that introducing the velocity into a solid block would enhance the building natural ventilation performance up to 64 percent compared to the solid case. However, it is demonstrated through simulations that the porosity distribution pattern as an architectural configuration has a significant effect on ventilation efficiency. Unit-Relocation models (U-RL) have approximately 1. 64 times the mean airflow of the solid block, 1. 1 times of Row-Relocation (R-RL) and 1. 22 times of Combined-Relocation models (CO-RL). U-RL models are also able to achieve approximately 1. 26 times the maximum air velocity inside the blocks compared to the solid case. This value is about 1. 05 times of R-RL cases and 1. 1 times of CO-RL cases. The results clearly indicated that porosity distribution pattern is a factor that could be modified by architects to fulfill most of architectural and environmental requirements.

Background and Aim: The aim of this review study was to evaluate the results and effects of employing or not using Bone graft materials in the buccal gap around the immediate implant, on the alveolar Bone dimensions and the success of the implant and its complications after immediate implant placement. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using electronic versions of articles in Pupmed and Google Scholar from 2010 to 20/4/2022. The extracted electronic articles include 14 randomized clinical trial studies, a high number case report and two systematic reviews based on clinical trial. All the researches are human clinical studies. Articles written in English and Persian, as well as laboratory and animal studies and the use of collagen membranes during immediate implant placement, have been excluded from the study. The age of patients is over 18 years and the duration of evaluation is four months and more. Finally, 17 articles were reviewed. Conclusion: The effect of using or not using Bone Graft in buccal gap on implant failure cannot be confirmed. It does not seem to have a significant effect on reducing the horizontal and vertical dimension of the buccal plate and has a moderate effect on the beauty of the soft tissue around the implant and the amount of mid-buccal gingival mucosa dimension and reducing the horizontal and vertical dimension of the buccal plate. With the use of Bone powder, minor surgical complications such as pain are slightly increased.

In this study, an attempt is made to predict effective porosity in one of the oil fields in the Persian Gulf by designing a probablistic neural network (PNN) and simultanusely making use of seismic attributes and effective porosity logs in the reservoir window. This was done by deriving a multiattribute transformation between an optimum subset of seismic attributes and the effective porosity logs.The geophysical data used in this study consist of 3D seismic pre-stack time migrated (PSTM) data with 12.5*12.5 m grid size and a 4 ms sampling rate. The length of the seismic traces are two seconds. Well logs of five vertical wells in the study area, including Sonic (DT), Density (RHOB), Effective porosity (PHIE) and Seismic Well Velocity Surveys (Check Shots), were used. The reservoir layer is a Mishrif member of the Sarvak formation with Cretaceous age, which is common in oil reservoirs in the Persian Gulf. The top of the Mishrif is adjusted with the Middle Turonian Unconformity and covered with shaley Laffan formation. The Mishrif Reservoir in study area contains two reservoir zones. The lower zone with higher clay content is separate from the upper zone. The upper zone consists of clean limesone with better reservoir properties. Seismic traces close to the well locations were used to generate seismic attributes. Effective porosity logs at the reservoir area were the target logs in this study.The designed neural network consists of one input layer, one hidden layer with four processing units (neuron), and one output layer with one neuron. In order to prepare training samples for the neural network, PHIE logs were converted to time domain using a time-depth relationship calculated from the DT logs and check shot curves for each well location. Subsequently, these logs were filtered (using a Hanning filter with 4 ms length) and resampled with seismic sampling rate (4 ms). Finally, a set of seismic attributes, including sixteen sample-based seismic attributes, were generated using HRS software. Training samples in this study consisted of 57 samples (selected seismic attributes and their related effective porosity from PHIE logs in the time domain). For training the network, the samples were divided into three data sets: the training samples, cross validation samples and testing samples. The training data were used for adjusting the weights of the network; the cross validation data were used to prevent overtraining theneural network; and the testing data were used to ensure generalizabillity of the network output.A forward stepwise regression process was used to determine an optimum subset of attributes for use in the training of the neural networks. The optimum subset of attributes in this study consists of the Dominant Frequency, Amplitude Weighted Frequency, Integrated Absolute Amplitude and Filter 45-60 Hz.After the network was trained using training and cross validation data sets, it was used to predict the testing data. The results show a good correlation between real and predicted data, with 92% correlation. Finally, in order to attain a better generalization of the network, testing data sets were inserted to trained data and the network was trained again. This network was then used to predict effective porosity in well locations which increased the correlation coefficient to 95%. This study shows the ability of the PNN networks to predict effective porosity even with a paucity of training examplares.

Operative results of arthroscopic open ACL reconstruction in 32 patients by Bone-patellar tendon-Bone graft was evaluated in shariaty hospital from 1997 to 2000. For assessment we used criteria developed by international Knee documentation committee. Signs and symptoms of the patients, their satisfaction and activity level in preoperative and postoperative period were assessed. The IKDC score, signs and symptoms were significantly improved following surgery. One patient showed failure of fixation. Ninety one percent of patients were satisfied with subjective evaluation of normal or near normal. The type of operation (open or arthroscpic), associated meniscal tear, age of the patients and time interval between rupture and reconstruction had no effect on the result but in patients with a quadriceps atrophy in postoperative period, caused result decline.